Physiognomy also is extensively treated by such scholars as Avicenna. Physiognomy has also been used as a kind of divination and is often associated with astrology.Lavater's studies in physiognomy drove him to search for demonstrable traces of the divine in human life. Physiognomy, which claims to find correspondences between bodily features and psychological characteristics, often makes use of supposed similarities. The same structure underlies the use of astrological tables in which animals, plants, and minerals, as well as human personality traits, are associated with the birth signs of the zodiac or planets. Predictive methods of fortune-telling include astrology and numerology. Fortune-tellingas a process of character analysis can take such forms as physiognomy(study of facial characteristics), graphology(study of handwriting), phrenology(study of contours on the skull), and palmistry (study of lines on the palm of the hand). In the 18th and 19th centuries, physiognomy was used by some of its proponents as a method of detecting criminal tendencies.Many bigots and racists still use physiognomy to judge characterand personality